Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
EMBO J
1992 Mar 01;113:1085-93. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05147.x.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Distinct modes of transcription read through or terminate at the c-myc attenuator.
Roberts S, Bentley DL.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Premature termination of transcription by RNA polymerase II (pol II) occurs in the 5' region of many viral and cellular genes. Modulation of this process, or attenuation, is an important means of transcriptional control, but its mechanism is unknown. Using injected Xenopus oocytes, the efficiency of the mouse c-myc attenuator was tested when it was placed at various distances from the transcription initiation site. The attenuator functioned with each of six different pol II promoters tested; however, termination efficiency declined markedly when it was placed more than approximately 400 bases from the start site. This decline in attenuator function with distance from the start site coincided with increased sensitivity to the pol II inhibitor 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl benzimidazole (DRB). Thus transcription complexes situated further from the promoter appear to have a lower ability to recognize the attenuator and a greater sensitivity to DRB. Furthermore, polymerases which have read through one attenuation site have a reduced ability to terminate at a second site. The results imply that a discrete subset of elongation complexes is capable of premature termination, and that this subset exists only within the first few hundred bases of the transcription unit. Regulation of termination efficiency may be effected by changing the balance between the two modes of transcription committed either to read through or to terminate prematurely.
Barik,
An antitermination protein engages the elongating transcription apparatus at a promoter-proximal recognition site.
1987, Pubmed
Barik,
An antitermination protein engages the elongating transcription apparatus at a promoter-proximal recognition site.
1987,
Pubmed Beaumont,
The mouse porphobilinogen deaminase gene. Structural organization, sequence, and transcriptional analysis.
1989,
Pubmed Bender,
Differential expression of c-myb mRNA in murine B lymphomas by a block to transcription elongation.
1987,
Pubmed Bentley,
A block to elongation is largely responsible for decreased transcription of c-myc in differentiated HL60 cells.
,
Pubmed Bentley,
Novel promoter upstream of the human c-myc gene and regulation of c-myc expression in B-cell lymphomas.
1986,
Pubmed Bentley,
Sequence requirements for premature termination of transcription in the human c-myc gene.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Bentley,
Accurate, TATA box-dependent polymerase III transcription from promoters of the c-myc gene in injected Xenopus oocytes.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Carbon,
A common octamer motif binding protein is involved in the transcription of U6 snRNA by RNA polymerase III and U2 snRNA by RNA polymerase II.
1987,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Chen,
Identification and characterization of transcriptional arrest sites in exon 1 of the human adenosine deaminase gene.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Chinsky,
Adenosine deaminase gene expression. Tissue-dependent regulation of transcriptional elongation.
1989,
Pubmed Chodosh,
5,6-Dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole inhibits transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II in vitro.
1989,
Pubmed de Vegvar,
3' end formation of U1 snRNA precursors is coupled to transcription from snRNA promoters.
1986,
Pubmed Evans,
Premature termination during adenovirus transcription.
1979,
Pubmed Fort,
Regulation of c-fos gene expression in hamster fibroblasts: initiation and elongation of transcription and mRNA degradation.
1987,
Pubmed Fraser,
DRB-induced premature termination of late adenovirus transcription.
1978,
Pubmed Fraser,
Multiple discrete sites for premature RNA chain termination late in adenovirus-2 infection: enhancement by 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole.
1979,
Pubmed Grayhack,
Phage lambda gene Q antiterminator recognizes RNA polymerase near the promoter and accelerates it through a pause site.
1985,
Pubmed Grummt,
A repeated 18 bp sequence motif in the mouse rDNA spacer mediates binding of a nuclear factor and transcription termination.
1986,
Pubmed Haley,
Contributory effects of de novo transcription and premature transcript termination in the regulation of human epidermal growth factor receptor proto-oncogene RNA synthesis.
1991,
Pubmed Hay,
Attenuation in the control of SV40 gene expression.
1982,
Pubmed Henikoff,
Conserved arrangement of nested genes at the Drosophila Gart locus.
1987,
Pubmed Hernandez,
Formation of the 3' end of U1 snRNA is directed by a conserved sequence located downstream of the coding region.
1985,
Pubmed Horikoshi,
Analysis of the stimulatory factor of RNA polymerase II in the initiation and elongation complex.
1984,
Pubmed Horwitz,
An elongation control particle containing the N gene transcriptional antitermination protein of bacteriophage lambda.
1987,
Pubmed Kao,
Anti-termination of transcription within the long terminal repeat of HIV-1 by tat gene product.
,
Pubmed Krystal,
Multiple mechanisms for transcriptional regulation of the myc gene family in small-cell lung cancer.
1988,
Pubmed Laspia,
HIV-1 Tat protein increases transcriptional initiation and stabilizes elongation.
1989,
Pubmed Logan,
A poly(A) addition site and a downstream termination region are required for efficient cessation of transcription by RNA polymerase II in the mouse beta maj-globin gene.
1987,
Pubmed Lois,
Active beta-globin gene transcription occurs in methylated, DNase I-resistant chromatin of nonerythroid chicken cells.
1990,
Pubmed Lund,
In vitro synthesis of vertebrate U1 snRNA.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Mechti,
Sequence requirements for premature transcription arrest within the first intron of the mouse c-fos gene.
1991,
Pubmed Nakamaye,
Inhibition of restriction endonuclease Nci I cleavage by phosphorothioate groups and its application to oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis.
1986,
Pubmed Nepveu,
Alternative modes of c-myc regulation in growth factor-stimulated and differentiating cells.
1987,
Pubmed Nepveu,
Intragenic pausing and anti-sense transcription within the murine c-myc locus.
1986,
Pubmed Nepveu,
Contributions of transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms to the regulation of c-myc expression in mouse erythroleukemia cells.
1987,
Pubmed Payne,
The transition of RNA polymerase II from initiation to elongation is associated with phosphorylation of the carboxyl-terminal domain of subunit IIa.
1989,
Pubmed Reinberg,
Factors involved in specific transcription by mammalian RNA polymerase II. Transcription factor IIS stimulates elongation of RNA chains.
1987,
Pubmed Rodaway,
Characterization of the 47-kilodalton autosomal chronic granulomatous disease protein: tissue-specific expression and transcriptional control by retinoic acid.
1990,
Pubmed Skarnes,
RNA polymerases stall and/or prematurely terminate nearby both early and late promoters on polyomavirus DNA.
1988,
Pubmed Spencer,
The block to transcription elongation is promoter dependent in normal and Burkitt's lymphoma c-myc alleles.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Spencer,
Transcription elongation and eukaryotic gene regulation.
1990,
Pubmed Stevens,
5,6-Dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole inhibits a HeLa protein kinase that phosphorylates an RNA polymerase II-derived peptide.
1989,
Pubmed Tamm,
Definition of subclasses of nucleoplasmic RNA.
1977,
Pubmed Watson,
Expression of the c-myb and c-myc genes is regulated independently in differentiating mouse erythroleukemia cells by common processes of premature transcription arrest and increased mRNA turnover.
1988,
Pubmed Watson,
A transcriptional arrest mechanism involved in controlling constitutive levels of mouse c-myb mRNA.
1988,
Pubmed Wright,
DNA sequences that mediate attenuation of transcription from the mouse protooncogene myc.
1989,
Pubmed Zandomeni,
Casein kinase type II is involved in the inhibition by 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole of specific RNA polymerase II transcription.
1986,
Pubmed Zandomeni,
Mechanism of action of dichloro-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole: effect on in vitro transcription.
1982,
Pubmed Zandomeni,
Mechanism of action of DRB. III. Effect on specific in vitro initiation of transcription.
1983,
Pubmed
